Hello ,

You may have seen the discussion started by Kevin Ross on the TurfNet Forums, in which he asked for the "top 2-3 technologies that you consider major advancements, that have hit the market in the last 5+ years." I was pleasantly surprised to see more than one turfgrass manager replied with MLSN as one of those technologies.

Upcoming seminars

These aren't entirely about MLSN. But they'll all touch on MLSN in some way, plus if you attend and want to talk about MLSN I'll be happy to do so.

November 6, Salem, Oregon, register with the Oregon GCSA
November 20, Cavite, Philippines, register with Nutranta
November 26 to 29, a series of seminars with the Swedish Golf Federation, registration information forthcoming
December 2, Copenhagen, Denmark, registration information forthcoming

When MLSN doesn't work

Jason Haines has described an interesting situation where MLSN didn't work. There is a section of Jim Arthur's Practical Greenkeeping with the title "Poa annua loves phosphates." And that's just what Jason found. The soil test P at some point in the past was 46 ppm to a 10 cm depth. The Poa annua roots were 2 cm; bentgrass was fine and Poa wasn't. After applying P fertilizer, the Poa started growing.

For MLSN to work in this case, one would need to adjust some of the default assumptions about a 10 cm rootzone depth.

The next section, explained another way

The next section is kind of long. So this alternative explanation might be useful. I've explained the same thing previously, but with different examples. Flip through these slides from my presentation on How to prevent nutrient deficiencies AND use less fertilizer for an easy-to-follow explanation of how this works. I gave this seminar as part of the CAMPUS DEL CÉSPED seminar series, and you can watch the recording of this seminar in English or in Spanish.

MLSN compared with conventional guidelines

Every now and then, someone raises the issue of MLSN vs. conventional guidelines, and suggests that sticking with the status quo may be preferable to using the MLSN guidelines.

I wrote an 8 page essay about this topic in 2014: Turfgrass nutrient guidelines, peer review, and potassium. You can find it (along with a lot of other material) in the ATC Library, and I recommend taking a few minutes to read that if you are at all interested in some of the foundational issues behind this debate.

Of course, there may be better ways to make fertilizer recommendations for turfgrass than MLSN. But I don't think conventional guidelines are a better way.

I'll try to explain this with an example of potassium (K) fertilizer recommendations for the last 373 soil nutrient analyses conducted by ATC at Brookside Labs using the Mehlich 3 extractant. Why 373? These are all the samples from the last year, since September 20 of 2018. These are soil samples from professionally-managed turf, from multiple countries and climates, growing a variety of grass species. I'll say that the soil nutrient levels, and the soil K levels in these soil samples, are representative of a lot of soil nutrient levels today.

The lowest K in these 373 samples was 14 ppm (mg/kg, meaning mg of K per kg of soil); the median K was 57 ppm and the mean was 78 ppm; the maximum K was 541 ppm.

What I have done is calculate a K fertilizer recommendation for the upcoming 12 months for each of these 373 samples. I've done that using three different methods. One is MLSN. One is the conventional SLAN guidelines as described by Carrow et al. in their 2004 GCM article. And one is skipping soil testing altogether, and making a fertilizer recommendation based on supplying the grass with all the K that is is expected to use, disregarding any soil supply of K. To make this simple, I'll discuss the median fertilizer recommendation for this set of 373 soils.

For the first example, I'll imagine I'm growing fine fescue at St. Andrews, and that I supply 5 g N/m2 for the year. In that case, I expect the grass to use 2.5 g K/m2. What's the median fertilizer recommendation that I'll make for that set of 373 soil samples, using the conventional (SLAN) guidelines, using MLSN, and using no soil testing whatsoever? With conventional guidelines, the median recommendation is 9 g K/m2 right now. That's to ensure the soil K at the start of this 12 month period gets to the lower end of the level at which "little or no crop response is expected from applying the particular nutrient." With MLSN, the median recommendation is 0 g K/m2. This matches pretty well with Jim Arthur's advice regarding K requirement. And with the approach in which I disregard soil testing, the median recommendation is 2.5 g K/m2.

For the second example, I calculated the fertilizer requirement for Poa annua in London, in which case I expect to apply about 16 g N/m2 and expect the K use to be 8 g/m2. The median recommendation from conventional guidelines is again 9 g K/m2, because that approach looks only at the soil and does not consider grass species or location. My MLSN calculation, based on Poa annua with a 16 g N supply in London, comes up with a median K recommendation of 5 g K/m2. And disregarding the soil, the recommendation is 8 g/m2, matching plant use.

For the third example, I calculated a fertilizer requirement for creeping bentgrass in Chicago, with an N supply of 12 g/m2 and expected K use of 6 g/m2. Now the conventional recommendation is again 9 g K/m2, MLSN is 3, and no soil testing is 6.

These first three examples all have the same result, in that MLSN recommends the lowest amount of K, no soil testing at all gets a recommendation a bit higher than MLSN, and the conventional SLAN guidelines give the highest recommendation.

The fourth example gives a different result, by looking at seashore paspalum in Bangkok. In this tropical climate, I expect to put 20 g N/m2 on this variety of grass, and seashore paspalum uses just as much K as N, so I expect use to be 20 g K/m2. Can you guess the conventional recommendation? Yes, it is 9 g K/m2 again, because it considers only the soil, and not the grass or its growth rate. The no soil testing approach gives a recommendation of 20 g N/m2, to match grass supply. And for this situation MLSN gives a higher recommendation than conventional guidelines, with the median MLSN recommendation at 17 g K/m2.

With these four examples, one can see that using conventional guidelines gets the same recommendation for every situation, which might be the best way to do it, but I doubt it. I don't want to apply 9 g K to fine fescue in St. Andrews, and I don't want to grow seashore paspalum in Bangkok with only 9 g K either. Not soil testing at all, and just applying what the grass uses, seems like a reasonable approach, although for each of these four examples this resupply of grass use recommendation gives a higher amount than does MLSN. I like the MLSN approach because it adjusts for the location and for the grass type and for the amount of soil nutrients and for the way the grass is managed. In that way the median fertilizer recommendation goes all the way from 0 g K for fescue in St. Andrews to 17 g K for the hypothetical situation in Bangkok.

More information

Here's the usual disclaimer about where to get more information, if you would like more like this, or on other topics:

Thank you for reading and for your interest in this topic. I'll be interested to hear about any successes, failures, or difficulties you've faced with this approach to fertilizer recommendations based on soil testing.

Micah Woods, Ph.D.
Chief Scientist | Asian Turfgrass Center
www.asianturfgrass.com

Asian Turfgrass Center | 3199/366 Sukhumvit 101/2 Bangna 10260, Bangkok
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