Oesophageal Cancer awareness month
February is Oesophageal Cancer awareness month highlighting this important cancer which accounts for over 8,000 deaths a year in the UK, despite 59% of cases being preventable. Sadly 51.6% of patients present at Stage 4 with only a 23% 1 year survival. If diagnosed at Stage 1, the 1 year survival for oesophageal cancer is 87.5%
So what can we do?
Be aware of the symptoms
Typical symptoms are worsening dysphagia and regurgitation but can include persistent heartburn, weight loss or throat/ chest pain. There may be nonspecific signs eg new unexplained raised platelet count.
Be aware of the risk factors
These include obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and reflux - all of which are potentially amenable to lifestyle modification.
Barrett’s disease of the oesophagus is also a risk factor for oesophageal cancer - though the risk is relatively small with 3-13% of patients developing oesophageal cancer during their lifetime. Lifestyle modification, treatment with high dose proton pump inhibitors and participation in surveillance programmes where appropriate are important. In primary care, we may be able to identify patients who have stopped attending surveillance.
Oesophageal cancer risk is also linked with deprivation. Additionally patients who have had radiotherapy for other cancers eg breast, lung, larynx are also at slightly increased risk of oesophageal cancer.
The future
Pilots involving the use of cytosponge are taking place which, if successful, may facilitate earlier diagnosis.
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