💡 How It Works
Before a fever fully develops, the body’s initial immune response kicks in, releasing a surge of various compounds, including cytokines and heat shock proteins. Cytokines are signalling molecules that help mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and haematopoiesis. Heat shock proteins assist in protecting cells from stress. These compounds play crucial roles in the body's defence mechanisms and also have significant effects on brain function.
As the fever peaks, this heightened immune activity can act like a turbo boost for the brain. This boost can be particularly beneficial in areas affected by autism. Here's how it might work:
1. Neurotransmitter Regulation: During a fever, the increased production of certain cytokines can enhance the release of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. These neurotransmitters are critical for regulating mood, behaviour, and cognitive functions. In autistic individuals, neurotransmitter imbalances are common, so the fever-induced surge can help modulate these levels temporarily, leading to improved behaviours and cognitive functions.
2. Reduction in Neuroinflammation: Autism is often associated with chronic neuroinflammation. Fever triggers the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines that can help reduce inflammation in the brain. This reduction in neuroinflammation can alleviate some of the neurological symptoms associated with autism, such as irritability and repetitive behaviours.
3. Enhanced Synaptic Plasticity: Fever can promote synaptic plasticity, which is the ability of synapses (the connections between neurons) to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in their activity. Enhanced synaptic plasticity can improve learning and memory, which are often areas of difficulty for children with autism.
4. Improved Blood-Brain Barrier Function: Fever-induced cytokines can temporarily improve the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream. An improved BBB function can help reduce the entry of potentially neurotoxic substances, thereby protecting brain health.
5. Activation of Heat Shock Proteins: Heat shock proteins produced during fever help protect neurons from stress and damage. These proteins assist in protein folding and repair, preventing the accumulation of damaged proteins that can impair neuronal function. This protective mechanism can contribute to better brain function during fever episodes.
6. Modulation of the Immune System: Fever shifts the immune response towards a more TH1-dominant state, which is associated with enhanced cellular immunity. This shift can help in correcting the TH1/TH2 imbalance often seen in autistic individuals, potentially reducing allergic and inflammatory responses that can exacerbate autism symptoms.
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