Lev Vygotsky
Born in 1896, Lev Vygotsky was a Soviet psychologist, known for his work on psychological development in children. He believed that social interaction plays a critical role in children's learning.
One of his most talked-about theories is the zone of proximal development.
Big Idea: The Zone of Proximal Development
The zone of proximal development is, as Vygotsky puts it, “the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.”
Or in other words, the gap between what a person can do independently and what he can do with the help of a more experienced person in the specific field - teacher, coach, peer, etc.
In his theory, the upper limit of the person is determined by the capabilities of the more experienced person - he labels this other person the more knowledgeable other (MKO).
Usually, the MKO is someone with more experience. But that's not always the case. MKO can also be a book, machine of some sort, or software for example.
And while his theory is mainly aimed at developing the capabilities of children. Of course, it also works for adults. Since learning is essential for our cognitive improvement. Interacting with more knowledgeable other(s) is vital if we want to progress.
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