At the member-state level, we find that most member states are broadly in line with their NZE targets, as reflected in their legally binding commitments or proposals. However, of the 27 EU member states, four (Austria, Greece, Ireland, and the Netherlands) do not reach their NZE commitments in any of our scenarios, whereas three (Cyprus, Denmark, and Germany) appear to do so only in some scenarios. Non-CO2 emissions appear to constitute the largest chunk of any remaining emissions in these countries, mainly followed by transport CO2 emissions. Overall, we find widespread trade-offs between supply-side and harder-to-abate sectors. We also highlight that there is no one-size-fits-all approach, as these countries should take sectorally targeted measures.
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• Boitier, B., Nikas, A., Gambhir, A., Koasidis, K., Elia, A., Al-Dabbas, K., Alibaş, Ş., Campagnolo, L., Chiodi, A., Delpiazzo, E., Doukas, H., Fougeyrollas, A., Gargiulo, M., Le Mouël, P., Neuner, F., Perdana, S., van de Ven, D.-J., Vielle, M., Zagamé, P., & Mittal, S. (2023). A multi-model analysis of the EU’s path to net zero. Joule, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.11.002
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