February 23, 2023
The undersigned rights groups
reiterate their call on Moroccan authorities to immediately end the
persecution and detention of prominent independent newspaper editor Taoufik Bouachrine,
and scores of Moroccan journalists and human rights defenders
imprisoned solely for peacefully exercising their right to freedom of
expression.
Today marks the anniversary of the date that Bouachrine, founder and editor-in-chief of the independent daily Akhbar Al-Youm,
was arrested on 23 February 2018, after writing editorials critical of
high-ranking Moroccan officials and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin
Salman, according to news reports carried by reliable international
media outlets, including The Guardian.
A Casablanca court sentenced
Bouachrine in November 2018 to 12 years in prison, lengthened to 15
years on appeal by the public prosecutor in 2019, allegedly for sexual
assault against several women. Most of them did not turn up in court to
testify against him. One of these women, Afaf Bernani, a former reporter for Akhbar Al-Youm,
was sentenced to six months in jail for publicly accusing a police
officer of falsifying her testimony. She also made it clear, despite
police harassment and intimidation, that she never witnessed any attempt
on the part of Bouachrine to sexually harass her or rape any of her
colleagues. Like other persecuted critical journalists, Bernani went
into exile immediately after her release from prison.
In addition, the Pegasus Project revealed
that the women who alleged that Bouachrine had sexually assaulted them
were, like other prominent journalists including Bouachrine, being
targeted by Pegasus spyware which is likely to have been used to
blackmail them.
Moroccan authorities ignored the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention’s 2019 conclusion
that depriving Bouachrine of his liberty was unfair. This UN working
group also called on the Moroccan government to release him and pay
reparations for the harm he suffered. It acknowledged that his trial was
marred by due-process violations and considered Bouachrine’s detention
as part of “judicial harassment attributable to nothing other than his
investigative journalism.”
Moroccan human rights lawyers and
African and Arab and international rights groups described Bouachrine’s
unfair trial and those of scores of independent journalists and human
rights and political activists as flagrant and shameful violations of
the Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco and its commitment to the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
False allegations of sexual assaults
and extramarital relations have been abusively and routinely used over
the past years by Moroccan authorities as a tool to silence and jail
critical journalists and to tarnish their reputation, in a country which
offered more room for independent journalism than most Arab countries, a
few years before King Mohamed VI ascended the throne in 1999.
Nearly 18 months after the arrest of Bouachrine in 2018, Hajer Raissouni, a critical reporter for Akhbar Al-Youm and
a woman human rights defender, was arrested on charges of allegedly
“undergoing an illegal abortion” and “adultery”. A Rabat court sentenced
her and her fiancé in September 2019 to one year in prison.
International condemnation of her imprisonment and solidarity with
Raissouni prompted a royal pardon from King Mohamed VI, the following
month.
Eight months later, her uncle Soulaiman Raissouni, an investigative journalist and democracy advocate who took over as editor-in-chief of Akhbar Al-Youm following
Bouachrine’s incarceration, was “kidnapped in the middle of the street”
by the police, according to his wife, former screenwriter Khouloud Mokhtari.
He was sentenced in July 2021 to five years in prison, “in absentia and
in the absence of his defence team, an almost unique case in the
history of trials in Morocco, for ‘sexual assault’,” against a young
Moroccan gay man, wrote Mokhtari in an article run by Orient xxi.
Naturally the imprisonment of
Bouachrine and Raissouni, coupled with the relentless police harassment
and intimidation of its reporters and the intimidation of their
respective families, gradually led to the closure of what many
journalists and human rights defenders in Morocco deem as the last
independent newspaper in the country.
Omar Radi
is another prominent investigative journalist who has been, since his
arrest in 2020, subject to almost the same charges and flagrant lack of
justice and imprisonment. Radi co-founded and co-worked for the critical
news website The Desk. He was sentenced in July 2021 to six
years in jail for rape and espionage in a trial marred by violations of
international standards for a fair trial, according to Amnesty
International.
In June 2020, Amnesty International
revealed that the phones of Radi, Raissouni and Bouachrine were among
those subjected to multiple attacks using a “sophisticated new technique
that silently installed NSO Group’s notorious Pegasus Spyware”.
These types of false allegations are
not solely used to intimidate and jail critical journalists. In
November 2022, former Moroccan human rights minister and lawyer Mohamed Ziane
was arrested and was found guilty of charges including insulting and
attempting to influence the judiciary, contempt of institutions,
adultery, and sexual harassment, according to a statement issued by the
public prosecutor’s office. Ziane was among human rights lawyers who
repeatedly denounced what he called the unfair trials of Bouachrine and
other jailed critical journalists.
Moroccan authorities’ war of
attrition against critical journalism started more than 20 years ago by
increasingly ordering advertisers close to the government to boycott
independent publications, and using the Moroccan judiciary as a tool to
silence them and harass their publishers, editors and reporters. Many
independent newspapers and news magazines, including Le Journal Hebdomadaire, Nichane, Al-Jarida Al-Okhra and Al-Jarida Al-Oula, Demain and its Arabic version Doumane, were forced to close down under financial pressure and harassment orchestrated by high-ranking government officials.
The pattern of arrests of Moroccan
journalists was criticised by the European Parliament (EP) in a
resolution on 19 January 2023 that noted that “press freedom in Morocco
has been continuously deteriorating, dropping to 135th place in the 2022
World Press Freedom Index” compiled by Reporters Without Borders (RSF).
We welcome the EP resolution, which:
“Urges the Moroccan authorities to respect freedom of expression and
media freedom, guarantee imprisoned journalists, in particular Omar
Radi, Souleiman Raissouni and Taoufik Bouachrine, a fair trial with all
due process guarantees, secure their immediate provisional release and
cease the harassment of all journalists, their lawyers and families;”
and “Strongly condemns the misuse of allegations of sexual assault to
deter journalists from performing their duties; believes that this
misuse endangers women’s rights.”
We urge the Moroccan authorities not
to dispute the EP’s recommendations to uphold freedom of expression,
but rather to act accordingly to free all unfairly-imprisoned
journalists who are spending years in prison on false charges.
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