2025 Number 011 june)

Published by the IFC for their members and partners 4 editions per year

The IFC is pleased to send you the last issue of its Newsletter “Ravelin”, a publication to keep you informed of its activity and that of its members who work for the protection, conservation and enhancement of our heritage. fortified, witnesses of our history. Our Newsletter (4 issues per year) is published at the end of March, June, September and December. “Ravelin” gives you information on the actions of the IFC as well as member associations. The dissemination of “Ravelin” prepared by the IFC Board of Directors is provided by the national association members. If you would like this newsletter to also be distributed to a new contact whom you would like to raise awareness of the issues of safeguarding and enhancing fortified heritage, please contact the editorial team by providing the email addresses of your contacts.

The IFC Board and the redactors of the Newsletter wishes you and your loved ones their best wishes for this new year 2025

VICE CHAIRMAN’S WORD

Dear readers,

On May 6th, a Symposium was held in Naarden organized as part of the European ERASMUS+ program "Resilient Fortresses" with the support of EFFORTS, which brings together over 200 fortifications in 23 countries. This symposium follows several studies and workshops ("masterclasses") held with the help of project managers, restoration professionals, conservators, project designers, doctoral schools, and universities to examine the issues raised by the preservation, maintenance, and restoration of fortified monuments. The symposium brought together about fifty participants from the Netherlands, Finland, France, Italy and Sweden. The IFC was invited along with our colleagues from Menno von Coehoorn. Since addressing the resilience of fortresses in the face of climate change is one of our missions, we offer you a brief presenta tion of the experiences shared during this symposium.

(see follow)

This Newsletter is yours and your contribution to its enrichment is essential. Feel free to use it to share your experiences with us. Our next publication will be on end of september 2025.

Marc Gayda.

WORLD 2025

This calendar is drawn up by the CDSG based on information provided by our members on their planned activities. It is regularly updated and will be included in the first section of our Newsletter

Sep 6 - 8 Portsmouth Annual Conference Fortress Study Group David Clarke chair@fortressstudygroup.org

Sep To Be Announced Study Tour Association Vauban Alain MONFERRAND contact@association-vauban.org

Sep 15 - 17 Brijuni Natl Park, Pula International Forum FORTIC Dr. Mijo Mirković fortic@unipu.hr

Sep 19 - 21 Stade, Germany Annual Meeting Deutsche Gesellschaft für FestungsforschungAndreas Kupka AKupka@Juelich.de

Sep 19 - 22 Ubbaye Valley, France Study Tour Assn Saint-Maurice d' Etudes Militaries Col EMG Schalbetter president@www.asmem.ch

Sep 20 - 28 Portugal Study Tour ECCOFORT Hans-Rudolf Neumann hrv.neumann@t-online.de

. October 4 - 5, 2025 LA CAPONNIERE INTERNATIONALFORUM BELFORT France Jean Marie Rouèche, contact@association-vauban.org or jean-marie.roueche@orange.fr  

. October 7-10 . ASSOCIATION VAUBAN, Annual study Tour, Switzerland, Lausanne, Chillon, St Maurice, Champex, Naters, Dailly, Chillon (fort), Aubonne, contact@association-vauban.org and jean-marie.roueche@orange.fr

October 10 - 14, 2025, Fortress Study Group Study Tour, Belgium, David Clarke, chair@fortressstudygroup.org .

. October 23 - 26, 2025, International Fortress Council Annual Meeting, Alentajo, Portugal, Jeroen van der Werf, secretariat@internationalfortresscouncil.org

IFC NEWS

INFORMATIONS

Our letter to support the candidate of ALMEIDA – MARVAO – VALENCA DO MINHO (RAIA FORTIFICATIONS) [cf the Newsletter of March 2025) was send to the municipality of Almeida to inform the other cities candidates. This motion has also been adopted by many of our members who voted for it and submitted it to support this interesting candidacy for the future of the fortifications.

 2025 projects in progress :

1 - Redesign of the website (engaged), study on the use of 3D for the multilingual dictionary in conjunction with the Menno von Coehoorn foundation, we decided to have a Project Group with our members of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Festungsforschung (Andreas Kupka), Menno von Coehoorn (Jeroen van der Werf), Simon Stevin (Luc Olyslager), Association Vauban (Marc Gayda) and Fortress Study Group (Dave Basset). The new site will be operational before the next Summer.

2 - Resilient Fortress -application

Ancient and modern fortifications were designed by the best available military engineers and designers. They were places of technological and logistic innovation, planned to be autonomous in case of siege. These places of defence and attack can educate us on solid building techniques, on economic use of materials, as well as on water management. From the 16th to the 20th century, the architecture of war includes massive amounts of earthworks, spread to wide areas, which today are ecological reserves much needed in the preservation of biodiversity.

Erasmus + project named Resilient Fortress -application, presented by the Governing Body of Suomenlinna as lead partner with Stichting Monumentenbezit for the fortifications of Naarden (NL), Centre des monuments nationaux for the stronghold of Mont-Dauphin (F) and EFFORTS, European Federation of Fortified Sites (EU & B) with experts from France (Atelier d’Architecture Philippe Prost with Anibes and St Tropez) and Italy (Studio Architettura Meneghelli), Sweden (Bomarsund) was chosen to be funded in June 2024.

A symposium was organized at Naarden on the 4-7 of May with a meeting on the 6th to present a part of the results of the project and the contribution of a lot of specialists from 5 countries (Finland, France, Netherland, Sweden, Italy)

All of this work allows for a series of reflections and constraints that are imposed on restorers and managers of fortified sites.

1 - THE REPAIR OF DISORDERS AND THE RESTORATION OF WORKS

Apart from the restoration approaches that must meet the requirements of the Venice Charter of 1964, supplemented in 2000 by the Krakow Charter, which emphasizes the importance of keeping remarkable buildings functional (without affecting their layout or decor), it also deepens the principles and broadens their scope.

Taking into account the fauna and flora : Often featuring significant open areas, fortified spaces and their neglected areas host a fauna and flora that must be inventoried to identify elements that are dangerous for the conservation of monuments (notably with the development of roots that loosen stones and bricks) as well as those that should be preserved, or even prioritized.

The fight against climatic éléments : A change in climate is particularly evident on fortifications at high latitudes (Finland) or at high altitudes. At Suomenlinna, it is noted that the periods of drought are more significant and longer. In addition, there are alternating periods of freezing that are no longer continuous during winter and are followed by snowfall and rain, which damages the faces of the bastions.

The fight against erosion : Soil erosion is comparable to the erosion of masonry structures. If the grassy surface of a rampart or parapet has dense growth and there is a sufficient slope, the vegetation acts as a waterproofing agent. Rainwater only moistens it from the surface. But if the vegetation is worn and eroded, water also moistens the soil. The fortifications have masses of earth and sand to protect them from artillery fire. If this volume is loaded with water, its weight doubles. When the wet soil freezes, the pressure of the ice is enormous and can cause dangerous collapses.

The choice of materials : The restoration work should be preceded by an analysis of the production sites of the initial materials to understand the choices made during the initial construction. This is the approach that was initiated by Mont Dauphin, which thus identified all the extraction sites of the stones and materials used during the construction of the square and thus located the materials to be used during the restorations or at least identical materials.

2 - THE MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF SPACES

The maintenance and the management of patrimonial fortifications is difficult. It’s necessary to use good materials, to take into account the environmental, climatic constraints, and those related to the tourist attendance of the sites concerned.

Maintenance : The maintenance of fortified sites poses numerous problems. "The cultivation" of lawns in order to later harvest them in slabs raises the issue of production (where to produce them and how to protect them from trampling as soon as they are laid? To what extent can this production be ensured?). Restoration periods and construction zones also impose access restrictions.

Monitoring : The monitoring of the vegetation condition and the effects of maintenance must be continuous. One could speak of a so-called observational maintenance. Moreover, through continuous monitoring, maintenance methods can be adjusted according to the effects caused by climate change.

The management of overtourism The overcrowding of certain points at heritage sites raises difficulties. The trampling and the creation of pathways outside marked trails, or the incivility of visitors contribute to the creation of disorder or modifications of spaces.

3 - CONCLUSIONS

Despite fundamentally different sites, the working group found many common issues. Sharing experiences often allows for saving time in searching for solutions.It also appears that knowledge of the conditions for constructing works, however, until the mid-20th century, engineers worked for several countries, bringing their methodologies and knowledge, which also partly explains the identical nature of the observed disorders and the use of identical materials, often relying on wood, quarries, sands, or lime produced not far from the completed works..

You can you can refer to the booklet we made about the project.

Program and objective (in french and english) français / anglais) sur

https://www.monuments-nationaux.fr/actualites-du-cmn/projet-europeen-forteresse-resiliente

the report is available for download at: https://monumentenbezit.nl/publicaties/publicatie-resilient-fortress/

3 - Continued welcoming of new members. Thus, we welcome our friends from Suomenlinna as observers. They join the IFC as the Korean members of the GGCF associate since 2022.

4- IFC participates in the revitalization of the Wellington Barrier project.

If you would like to contribute information from your association to the newsletter, the editors (marc.gayda@yahoo.fr ) would be very pleased. We are currently working on a renewal of the IFC website and we hope to go online for the beginning of the next year.

http://www.internationalfortresscouncil.org/

INFORMATIONS FROM OUR MEMBERS

These informations was collected from the elements transmitted by the associations or mentioned on their websites. When we have no new information on recent or future news, only the references of the website are mentioned.

AUSTRIA : ÖSTERREICHISCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR FESTUNGSFORSCHUNG (ÖeGF)

On May 19, 2025, a donation of written documents from Major General of the Corps of Engineers, Alexander Zhuber von Okrog, was made to the Director of the War Archives, Dr. Robert Rill. The donation was made by Dr. Reinfrid Vergeiner, president of the Austrian Society for Fortress Research. The collection of Major General Zhuber, which has been handed over to the War Archives, includes personal documents, maps, and official documents. It is particularly gratifying that this historically valuable collection has been removed from circulation and is now permanently available as a source for public and scientific research.

Projects and Cooperations:

Project „Written in the Landscape“ (Wil) (Universität Bozen) https://www.culturalheritage.unibz.it/written-in-the-landscape/

Architectural project for the flat roof waterproofing and protection of window and door openings in fort no. 41a "Mydlniki", Kraków

Neuigkeiten / News | Österreichische Gesellschaft für Festungsforschung Austrian Society for Fortification Research (kuk-fortification.net)

BELGIUM : SIMON STEVIN VLAAMS VESTINGBOUWKUNDIG CENTRUM (SSVc)  www.simonstevin.org

Reopening of the Musée du Génie Militaire Belge

On June 13, the Belgian Military Engineering Museum reopened, which has taken up residence in the camp of the School of Engineering and the 4th Belgian Engineering Battalion in Amay. Until eight years ago, the museum was located in Jambes, next to Namur, from which it had to leave due to the reorganization and restructuring of the Ministry of Defense's properties. Established more than forty years ago, it gathers a varied collection of objects, uniforms, models, equipment, and a beautiful range of heavy materials used by military engineering since 1830, including a presentation on the origins of engineering. Part of the pieces is on loan from the War Heritage Institute, which oversees the main Belgian military museums, while another part belongs to the museum itself. The various interior spaces are dedicated to General Alexis Brialmont, barracks, engineering actions during the two World Wars, in Korea, the various missions of the weapon, bridging, etc. Additionally, there is a rich documentation center.

www.geniemus.be

https://www.facebook.com/geniemusjambes

CROATIA : NACIONALNA UDRAGA ZA FORTIFIKACIJE (NUF) www.nuf.hr

CZECH REPUBLIK : CZECH ASSOCIATION FOR MILITARY HISTORY (CAMH) KVH Praha (kvh-praha.cz)

FRANCE : ASSOCIATION VAUBAN (AV)

Publications :

• Oisivetés: “ La Lettre des Oisivetés” Journal of the Society (2 éditions per year in May and December), Nr 49 May 2025, is published (next edition with beNr 50 in December 2025. Each publication had 64 pages.
• Newsletter send by Internet to all our members and our partners (30 letters from January 24 to December with more than 500 informations). You can receive the Newsletter as request at contact@association-vauban.org with your mail address.
• Our Nr 2 from the Collection Frontière is published (€10 per each + postal tariffication)
• Dossier for the Study Tour in Switzerlad on progress (organized in October 2025)
• The new website is operational since the last January.

Annual Meeting

June 10 – 14, was in MARSEILLE, with visit of the City forts ans museum and also a visit of Martigues (Fort de Bouc). This congress was a great success and very intersting

Swiss Study Tour

This year our Study Tour is in Switzerland with a lot of visit of fortifications of the XIX and XXè centuries. We start on the 7th of October from Lausanne to visit the house of the Gnl Guisan at Pully, the Castel of Chillon and St Maurice. On the 8th, we visit St Maurice, Champex, St Pierre de Clages and Naters close on the northern entrance of the Simplon Tunnel with also the Museum of the Vatican’s Guard. On the 9th is previous for a large visit of Dailly and the 10th is dedicated to the visit of the fort of Chillon and Aubonne (the Promenthouse and the Toblerones) before going back to Lausanne, end of the study tour.

Other news

. Documentation Center (consulting after “rendez vous” with a responsible of the board -use the mail address on contact@association-vauban.org ) Provision to our members of the documentary database of works and publications of our documentation centre will be disponible on our website (index “bibliographie/Fonds Invalides”).

. January, opening the new design of the website (always at www.association-vauban.org) with some new pages and a special part only for members.

Save the date : 2025 October 4 and 5TH BELFORT

The International Fortification Forum will be organize by La Caponnière. The program of these days will be announced. (http://www.caponniere90.fr/ -  bureau.caponniere@gmail.com 

https://www.association-vauban.org/  , mel adress contact@association-vauban.org

GERMANY : DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR FESTUNGFORSCHUNG (DGF)

https://festungsforschung.de/startseite

September 19-21 : The next Congress will be in Germany at Stade (Northern Germany) with visit some forts (e.a. Forts Grauerort and Kugelbacke. The conference theme will be : « The coastal fortifications on the Baltic Sea and North Sea ».

Access to the program : https://festungsforschung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/DGF-Tagungsprogramm-Stade_19.-21.Sept.2025.pdf

ITALY : RETE DELLE FORTIFICAZIONI

Forte di Bard :  (https://www.fortedibard.it/)

From 21 March to 6 July 2025, Fort Bard will host the 60th edition of Wildlife Photographer of the Year, the world’s most prestigious nature photography competition, organised by the Natural History Museum in London. Harnessing the profound emotive impact of photography to engage and move audiences, these images shed light on stories and species from around the world, advocating for a collective commitment to the preservation of our planet. Wildlife Photographer of the Year provides a global platform to showcases the best photographic talent from around the world. This year’s competition reached new heights, 

The fort still opening during the winter s:From thuesday to friday: 10 am / 6 pm Saturday and sunday: 10 am / 7 pm, Monday closed

Forte di Bramafan  (https://www.fortebramafam.it/)

The Museum is open since 30 Years ! Opening days in 2025 :

July: every Saturday and Sunday ; August : every days ; September and October: every Sunday ; November : Sunday 2th

Opening from10h00 am to 6 h 30 pm (last entrance at 5 pm

Forte di Fenestrelle (https://www.fortedifenestrelle.it/)

Museo di 3è Rgt di Alpino (free entrance)

Forte di Vinadio (https://www.fortedivinadio.com/)

Open from May to October.

Turin, museo di Pietro Micca

Note the visits to the countermine galleries are by reservation at the Museo Pietro Micca (closed on Mondays)

https://www.fortedibard.it/fr/

https://retefortificazioni.com/

https://fortinrete.it/

LUXEMBURG : FRËNN VUN DER FESTUNGSGESCHICH LËTZEBUERG : (FFGL) www.ffgl.lu

Activities

visits to “Assault of Kirchberg” (program and dates on the FFGL website).

Dates and visits, informations on https://www.ffgl.lu/activites/fr_index.html

From May 7th to October 18th, the FFGL is associate to the LUGA, the exhibition of urban gardens, temporary installations and agricultural projects in Luxembourgwith some visits on the rests of Vauban’s fortifications.

LUGA - Luxembourg Urban Garden is an outdoor exhibition of urban gardens, landscaping and artistic installations, agricultural projects, and living spaces to be discovered from May 7 to October 18, 2025. The ephemeral LUGA exhibition will take over five iconic sites in Luxembourg: the Alzette valley, the Edouard André municipal park, the Pétrusse valley, Kirchberg, and the city of Ettelbruck in Nordstad. The Friends of the Fortress History of Luxembourg - Friends of the History of the Luxembourg Fortress (FFGL) association is actively participating in this event by organizing tours in the casemates of the forts located beneath the municipal park, which was created at the site of the former forts of the medium enclosure after the dismantling of the fortress, partly built by Vauban. The tours will take place in two formats: 'Gourmet' tours, which will conclude with a tasting, particularly of crémant aged in the casemates, and standard tours, without the tasting.

Program of visits and reservations on the website : https://www.ffgl.lu/activites/2025luga/fr_index.html

More informations : https://luga.lu/en/about/

MALTA : FONDAZZJONI WIRT ARTNA (Malta Heritage Trust)   : http://www.wirtartna.org/ (candidate member)

Valletta's ancient ceremonial platform from where gun salutes are still fired. The passage of time is marked twice daily from here with gunfire at noon (12am hrs) and afternoon (4pm hrs).

Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna - the Malta Heritage Trust is a voluntary non-governmental organization (VO/0117) active in the fields of cultural heritage preservation and management. It was formed in October 1987 and is responsible for a rich array of cultural heritage sites that together span some 7,000 years of continued history.

Preserving History: Restoring the Échauguette at Saint Peter and Paul Counter-guard

Fondazzjoni Wirt Artna - the Malta Heritage Trust has today started installing new timber apertures at the 17th century Échauguette (gardjola) at the Saint Peter and Paul Counter-guard in Valletta. This counter guard was built after 1630 and forms part of the outer line of defence of the Valletta land front. From the Second World War until the early 1970s it formed part of the British War Headquarters at Lascaris. This work is being sponsored by the Bank of Valletta.

New operation : LASCARIS WAR ROOMS, Discover Malta's best kept WW2 secret.

Situated approximately 45 meters deep beneath the Upper Barracca Gardens and the Saluting Battery in Valletta, the Lascaris War Rooms stand as one of Malta’s best-kept secrets from World War Two. Opened in time for Operation Husky - the Allied invasion of Sicily on 9/10 July 1943, these War Rooms comprise a vast network of underground tunnels and chambers that served as the British armed forces' Combined War HQ in Malta. From this strategic location, US General Dwight Eisenhower, as Supreme Commander of Allied Forces, launched the invasion of Sicily in 1943. The War Rooms played a crucial role in directing the defense of the island against Axis aggression and the Mediterranean War in general. In the immediate post-war years it was shared with NATO's HAFMED until 1970 and remained in constant use until July 1977. With its well-maintained authentic interiors, the site offers a unique glimpse into the secretive and complex world of combined operations, as pioneered in this building by the Royal Navy, the British Army, and Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

Informations about the museums and the visit of the Valletta’s Fortifications on the Website

http://www.wirtartna.org/

NETHERLANDS : MENNO VON COEHOORN (MvC)

Excursion, for members onys

2024/09/27, automnu excursion to Gorinchem, further informations on website

Webinar

2025-07-05, at 7:30 pm Defence line of Amsterdam, by Frtiz van Horn

2025-09-17, at 7,30 pm, Moderns lines by Klaas Renkema

2025-10-08, at 7,30 pm, Militair Neurose Hospitaal Austerlitz by Sandra van Lochem

If you are not yet a member of the Menno van Coehoorn Foundation and would still like to follow the webinar, please send info@coehoorn.nl  an email. You will then receive a one-time invitation.

-https://coehoorn.nl/

Portugal - ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS AMIGOS DOS CASTELOS (APAC) (Associação Portuguesa dos Amigos dos Castelos)

Aldeias de Xisto dos Concelhos de Castelo Branco, Pampilhosa da Serra e Fundão (17 e 18 jul 2025)

Data e horário da atividade: 17 e 18 jul 2025, 07h30 (Sete Rios, passeio em frente ao do Zoo)

Custo: € 260,00; Caução € 78,00; Sup. Indiv. € 40,00

Limite de participantes: 30

APAC organize also our General Assembly in October (with thanks !)

SOUTH KOREA – GYEONGGI CULTURAL FOUNDATION (GGCF) - ggcf.kr |GyeongGi Provincial Museum opened in 1996 with the objective of preparing for the future by highlighting and passing down the history of GyeongGi-do and the traditions of its culture. Because of the museum’s dedication to the collection and preservation of artifacts, academic research, and exhibitions and education programs, it has steadily grown to become a favorite museum of local residents. GyeongGi Provincial Museum is now a place where visitors can enjoy learning about GyeongGi-do’s history and culture through its rich content. The museum also seeks to demonstrate the value and significance of GyeongGi-do and Korean culture within the world and to present a blueprint for future culture by discovering the historic identity of GyeongGi-do. SWITZERLAND : ASSOCIATION SAINT MAURICE D’ETUDES MILITAIRES (ASMEM) https://www.asmem.ch/

. 2025-06-21, Fortifications of the City of Fribourg,  pedestrian trip around the city wall (XII to XVè centuries)

2025-09- 5 and 6th, annual meeting

2025-09– 19 to 22th : study tour in France, Defences of Ubbaye valley : Hautes Alpes and Alpes de Haute Provence,

2025 – 7-10 welcom to the Study Tour of Association Vauban. The Asmem work to organize this tour with the Col. Serge Monnerat.

UNITED KINGDOM : FORTRESS STUDY GROUP

The Fortress Study Group is a charity registered in the UK withan international membership. Its purpose is advancing the study of post-medieval artillery fortifications throughout the World. The benefits of Fortress Study Group membership include: Our annual peer reviewed Journal FORT. Three issues of the CASEMATE Magazine. Two Webinars a month, An annual conference and tour in the UK. An annual international tour UK Members Days and Study Tours. International digital memberships are £20.

FSG Webinar, next conferences. All the sessions starter at 8 p.m. (London Time)

The webinars are organized by the Fortress Study Group in conjunction with the Palmerston Forts Society and the Ordnance Society and the recordings are for the benefit of the members of those societies. The links should not be further distributed without permission as the content is copyright of the author and other bodies including the National Archives.

02 Jul 25 - Defences of Cape May - Mark Allen

16 Jul 25 - The 4 ‘modern’ forts of Liege - Patrick Defort

06 Aug 25 - Effect of Coastal Defence Forts on the American Civil War - John Weaver

20 Aug 25 - Radar in Scotland 1938-46 - Ian Brown

03 Sept 25 - The Williamite War era fortifications of Cork & Kinsale and the 1690 Marlborough siege - Jason Byrne

17 Sept 25 - Liege fortifications 1816-1830 - Dennis van Nieuwenhuijzen

01 Oct 25 - Beersel Castle and Artillery - Patrick Defort

15 Oct 25 - The fortifications of Ulm - Markus Theile

05 Nov 25 - The good the bad and the ugly” which compares the three allied sieges in 1812 - Dr Mark Thompson

03 Dec 25 - The role of the RE in the Peninsula War - Dr Mark Thompson

Login details for the 1st Wednesday of every month

Join Zoom Meeting

https://us06web.zoom.u/j/82754848667?pwd=SnFQcHE4SG9qOFl5NFJGVWlNRzhJdz09

Meeting ID: 827 5484 8667

Passcode: 789990

Log in details for the 3rd Wednesday of every month

Join Zoom Meeting

https://us06web.zoom.us/j/83100298752?pwd=Ti8wQWx2bzI2aW0wZkJ6S2YzVXpqUT09

Meeting ID: 831 0029 8752

Passcode: 397125

Project Redsand aims to restore a Maunsell Army Fort

The ambitious volunteer led project to restore one of the WW2 heavy anti-aircraft forts in the Thames Estuary

https://www.fortressstudygroup.org/

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA : COAST DEFENSE STUDY GROUP (CDSG)

The CDSG Publications committee produced excellent Newsletter, the last edition for winter 2024 is published.

Their next meetings and activities :

2025 CDSG Boston Conference April 23 - 27, 2025 Boston, Massachusetts

The CDSG Board of Directors held their quarterly board meeting on May 4, 2025. One of the issues discussed was the location of the CDSG Annual Conferences for 2026, 2027, and 2028 as the Board wants our membership to able to plan on attending at least 3 years out. The Board reviewed several options for the location of our annual conferences taking in consideration our annual rotation of harbor defenses (HD) (roughly a 20 year cycle), the availability of a member to be a Conference Chairman, and the membership’s desire to visit the HD (as reflected in the annual membership survey). The Board decided that in 2026 we would go the former HD of Oahu, Hawaii from May 5-10, 2026.

https://cdsg.org/